Hi Guys,
A few famous forecasters and fund managers shared a collective forgettable 2011.
Fairholme Fund (FAIRX) manager Bruce Berkowitz, Morningstar’s domestic stock 10-year champion manager of the decade award recipient, wants to forget his financial Bank of America and real estate company St. Joes selections. Fifteen year benchmark beater Bill Miller of Legg Mason fame, lost his job after several dismal stock picking years. Money manager wizard Jon Corzine of MF Global is so forgetful that he can’t remember where over one billion dollars of client funds went. PIMCO’s bond guru Bill Gross wants to forget and be forgiven for his outsized US Treasury bond commitment. Financial analyst Meredith Whitney regrets her erroneous projection of a 2011 municipal bond market meltdown.
If such renown investment professionals fell so far, so rapidly, what chance does a time constrained and resource limited private investor have? A historically complex marketplace has become ever more challenging because of instantaneous institutional trading, highly volatile markets, and uncertain economic conditions.
Forecasting market returns and winning sectors is a fool’s task. The Midas Touch is not a constant human attribute, even among the elite professionals. Especially for the second tier of market mavens, outperforming a basic benchmark is a stumbling hurdle for most professionals.
Year after year, Standard & Poor's Indices Versus Active (SPIVA) and Persistence scorecards demonstrate that typically two-thirds of these experts fail to clear their benchmark tests. Here is a generic Link to the array of S&P summary studies that document these recurrent findings:
http://www.standardandpoors.com/indices/spiva/en/usJust look at the checkerboard pattern that Periodic Tables of Returns charts show over 10 and 20 year periods for major categories of investment options.. Attached are several illustrations generated by Callan Associates and by Allianz Global. These Links get you to a web page that can provide access to the actual reports themselves by scanning the page. The Callan report button is self-evident. The Allianz button is located at the page’s bottom-right side and is titled “The Importance of Diversification”.
The extra button pushing is worth the minor inconvenience.
These two samples currently only show performance data through 2010. Typically they are updated by late January or early February every year. I’ll Link to them again when the updates become accessible.
http://www.callan.com/research/periodic/http://www.allianzinvestors.com/EducationAndPlanning/InvestorEducation/Pages/AssetAllocation.aspx#The Allianz chart presents a more comprehensive summary of discrete investment categories. I like it better than Callan for that expanded choice format.
If there is a recognizable pattern in this jumble of data, it totally es
capes me. It is chaotic in character. To paraphrase Rudyard Kipling “If you see a pattern, you’re a better man than I., Gunga Din. Behavioral researchers have identified false pattern recognition when none actually exists as a common fallacy in our attempt to know the unknowable.
Of course, one piece of market wisdom that has survived the fires of time, and even today offers at least a partial answer to the portfolio construction dilemma, is category diversification. The portfolio construction approaches recommended by Paul Merriman remain dedicated to such diversification. Please examine his tabular summary of various equity/bond mixes at the following website and hit the “Fine tuning your asset allocation” button:
http://www.merriman.com/learn/bestofmerriman/In particular, note the table at the end of the presentation.
The Merriman table is illuminating in several dimensions. Observe the measurable benefits of long term diversification; the bottom-line averages show that a 50/50 portfolio mix of equity and bond holdings can produce almost full equity market-like returns at roughly one-half its volatility (standard deviation). Other statistical values at the bottom of the table show more risk mitigation measures.
Notice that the various mixes that Merriman constructs are not just a two component equity and bond mutual fund. Merriman’s portfolios are assembled from a more diverse universe of funds that include small caps and international components. Also, he has honestly subtracted a 1 % management fee from his tabular listings.
Some market commentators argue that category performance correlation coefficients have coalesced such that diversification is no longer a viable option to mitigate risk. While correlation coefficients have migrated towards perfect correlation (a value equal to One), they remain sufficiently below the limiting “One” value to make diversification a worthwhile risk control strategy.
For example, the latest issue of Money Magazine reports that the 3-year Morningstar correlations between the US equity market is 0.9 against emerging markets, is 0.2 against US bond, is 0.8 against REITs, and is 0.6 against commodities. Correlation coefficients among investment classes are dynamic and do change over time.
One takeaway from the correlation matrix is that a simple 50/50 equity/bond mix is still an excellent risk mitigation strategy.
I am aware that most seasoned MFO participants are fully cognizant of the investment resources that I quoted above. This posting is mostly directed at the more neophyte investor who might not be familiar with all the informative tools and analyses that are easily accessible on the Web.
Concentrated investments generate superior rewards if they are correct. The historical record and commonsense suggest that it is impossible to be right all the time. Even Warren Buffett suffered a few years of bad decisions and sub-par performance. Bill Miller was not adaptive enough to changing market conditions after 15 contiguous years of Index beating performance, and paid the price.
Bruce Berkowitz, a pragmatic, highly focused, and fully committed manager lost, at least momentarily, his deft selection and timing touch. His skill set has not vanished in a single year. It is quite possible that he will recover with time just like the Nifty-Fifty growth stocks of the roaring 1960s and 1970s eventually did over integrated time.
For the fun of it, please checkout this re-revisit of the Nifty-Fifty stocks from an academic’s purview of this tiny piece of thorny investment history:
http://economics-files.pomona.edu/GarySmith/Nifty50/Nifty50.htmlInvestment controversy and debate are hardly ever fully resolved.
As I wrote in an earlier submittal: “It is Time in the Market, Not Market Timing” that matters most. The debate and the challenges continue.
Best Regards.