Don't Fear Risky Assets FYI: Copy & Paste 6/13/14: Zachary Karabell: Barron's
Regards,
Ted
Editor's Note: Karabell is head of global strategy at Envestnet, a leading provider of wealth management technology and services to investment advisors.
We live in a world that emphasizes risk. That is true in general, but is especially so in the financial world. Since the financial crisis of 2008–2009, financial professionals have been acutely attuned to risk—and for good reason. Too many felt they were caught off-guard and unprepared by the near-implosion of five years ago. That in turn followed volatile periods from the Internet bubble of 1999 into early 2000, through the events of 9/11, and then a sharp market contraction until October 2002. After nearly 15 years of drama, it is hardly surprising that the financial world is primed for risk.
Hardly surprising, but a problem nonetheless. The heightened sensitivity to hidden risk muddies analysis, and can potentially lead to mispricing of assets and hence, less-than-optimal investment decisions.
The current yields and attitudes towards both high-yield ("junk") bonds and emerging-market debt are prime examples. Both are seen as risky assets with both known and unknown pitfalls. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) in April warned that many investors in emerging-markets bonds may be unaware and unprepared for a combination of slowing growth and rising rates that could impact many portfolios negatively, especially given the surge of money into emerging-markets bonds since 2008. There is now $76 billion in retail mutual funds focused on the space, up from $12 billion before 2008. The IMF also emphasized the increase in issuance, with $300 billion in emerging-market corporate bonds coming to market last year alone. That is frequently interpreted as a sign that the market is—to use a common cliché—"getting frothy."
But is it? It is too easy these days to make the argument for bubbles, bubbles everywhere, and for overpriced assets at every turn. In light of a volatile 15 years, where the downs have felt more severe than the ups, such arguments are intuitive and have emotional resonance. That does not, however, make them correct.
A Matter of Perceptions
Both high-yield ("junk") bonds and emerging-market debt are perceived as inherently more risky than many more vanilla investment options. There are at least two types of risk: greater chance of loss (more downside) and greater volatility. Compared with, say, blue-chip large cap companies such as IBM (IBM) or Walmart (WMT), or with investment-grade bond portfolios, or with U.S. Treasuries, junk and emerging-market debt are understood as riskier and hence provide higher returns to lenders in the form of higher-interest rates. They are also susceptible to price swings that can be intense.
Last June of 2013, when then chairman of the Federal Reserve (Fed) Ben Bernanke hinted that the Fed would begin to pare its bond-buying program, emerging-market debt sold off very hard, with prices dropping in many instances by more than 10% in the space of weeks. The reason was not a sudden change in the fundamentals of Turkish or Brazilian bonds, but rather the market perception that those bonds had seen strong inflows based largely on the presence of so much money in the global system as a result of Fed policies. The concern was that when the Fed began to trim the easy, easy money, those bonds would see both outflows and a drop in demand.
And yet, a year later, the Fed is aggressively trimming its bond-buying program, having reduced its monthly purchases almost in half and on a glide path to reducing them entirely by year-end. Emerging market bonds, meanwhile, have recovered all of what they lost in June 2013 and yields are actually lower after the recent run since May. The market interpretation that these assets were simply a derivative of a Fed bubble was wrong.
Of course, it may only be temporarily wrong. Another shock to the global system could well prove the risk interpretation correct. The ever-present concern that all financial assets are still being artificially boosted by central bank liquidity won't fully dissipate until central banks tighten globally. With the actions by the European Central Bank (ECB) announced on June 5, however, we are nowhere near an end to these policies. In fact, the ECB, led by its president Mario Draghi, is now embarking on its own policies of quantitative easing just as the U.S. Fed is pulling back.
Combined with the easy money policies of Shinzo Abe in Japan, we are in for a considerable period of significant liquidity. And then there is the surfeit of liquidity in sovereign wealth funds—well in excess of $5 trillion—and in corporate balance sheets which add trillions more. If you are waiting for a liquidity squeeze, you might be waiting for a long, long time.
The market price for high-yield and emerging-market debt suggests that the prices being paid and the rates being offered for these instruments are not pricing in much risk. Low-rated bonds still bear the moniker "junk" from a time in the 1970s and 1980s when low-rated or questionable businesses simply could not get financing from banks at any price and had to pay much more generously to investors to compensate them for the risk.
Today, however, many, many low-rated bonds have only a slightly higher level of actual risk—as defined by default risk—than bonds considered "safe." Over the past three years, the default rate for bonds rated "junk" (i.e. those rated 'BB' or lower by Standard & Poor's, or 'Ba' or lower by Moody's) has been only a few percentage points worse than those rated investment-grade. Except for a spike in 2009, in fact, when low-rated bonds had a default rate of more than 8%, so-called "junk" bonds have had a default rate of less than 5%, and in the past few years less than 2.5%. The very lowest ratings, C and less, have had higher default rates, as to be expected. But bonds with a B rating have had default rates of less than 1.5% since 2003.
The picture is similar with emerging-market bonds. Yet both emerging market and high-yield still trade at a significant premium to treasuries and investment-grade corporate bonds. Yes, those spreads have been compressing, and as more money has poured into these bonds in the past few years, they have compressed further.
The modest spread between high-grade bonds on the one hand and emerging markets and high-yield on the other is itself taken as an indication that investors may be investing too much in higher-risk assets. As more money has poured into funds that invest in those assets, prices have risen and yields have therefore dropped. The question for many now is whether those yields are appropriate given the nature of the risk.
Staking the Middle Ground Between Risk and Return
There is, of course, no easy answer here. There is the very low default rate, save for the worst credit quality. There is the reality that many emerging-market bonds, whether corporate or sovereign, are issued by countries and companies that are risky only because countries such as Mexico, Turkey, and South Korea were once considered riskier. And there is the fact that we live in a world suffused with capital with low inflation, which means that legitimate entities do not need to pay exorbitant rates.
If you believe that we remain in an artificial lull of easy money provided by central banks, that rates will rise sharply soon enough, that markets will roil, and that there is some new crises just beyond the advent horizon, then yes, emerging market and high-yield debt will suffer disproportionately.
If not, however, these assets may not have significantly greater downside than U.S. Treasuries and investment-grade corporate debt even as they carry a risk premium that assumes they are. Until the investing world stops fixating on risk and focuses more prominently on return, that will remain the case.
Leuthold: not all dividend strategies are created equal Kinda cherry-picked their interval there, dontcha think? 1989-2014
Also, did the review not consider the "dividend capture" strategy, that arose in some funds--- to one degree or another--- in the mid-2000s? That worked well until the financial crisis of 2008/9; thereafter... not so well would be putting it mildly. :) sigh
Pimco Real Estate Real Return Strategy Fund PETDX @jlev I understand your sentiments. That's why I added the caveat--- catch it at the right price--- because that would be the only way I could stomach the roller coaster. But that's the REIT index all over anyway, isn't it?
An additional concern has arisen for me recently re.PETAX: the
distribution yield. It was great for quite awhile after the financial crisis, but lately... not so much. If it should prove to be highly variable as well, at certain times, then that would take away one of the positives of going with this fund as (a part of) one's real estate investments. IMO.
Third Avenue Value and small cap So it looks like Ian Lapey is out as lead portfolio manager of third avenue value fund.
Something is wrong here. I own TAVFX, and my kneejerk reaction is simply to sell it. It's in an IRA so there are no tax considerations. This is a big, big deal. I'm surprised there is so little discussion here or so little information on the web.
On the other hand, nothing drastic is likely to happen soon absent something drastic in the market itself. And based on what Marty Whitman has said, if I sell now I will be selling a basket of stocks stocks
1. At yooge discounts to their readily ascertainable net asset value
2. that have a super strong financial position
3. That Third Avenue management believes can grow at at least 10% per annum compounded.
(Seems as though the buyer would be getting the better end of that deal.)
On the 3rd hand :) there are certainly lots and lots of funds with an equally bright-looking future.
I feel like there is a dearth of information here, and I am really not liking the situation. As there are no tax consequences I am likely to say adios and start afresh.
Leuthold: not all dividend strategies are created equal Hi, guys.
The nice folks at the Leuthold Group share a copy of Perception for the Professional, their research publication for paying clients, with me each month. About 60 pages of data analyses and reports. Jun Zhu this month wrote "Dividend Paying Strategies -- Which is Best?" and the findings are interesting.
Zhu notes that dividend-oriented strategies have been exceedingly popular, though many now fret that those stocks have been badly bid up. There's also a fear that dividend paying stocks lag when interest rates are rising. That turns out to be true, but not an investable insight: rate rising cycles tend to be triggered with little warning and last an average of nine months.
Even allowing for a lag during the 20% of months in which rates have risen, the strategy works well over time. Zhu writes "In the falling rate and neutral months, dividend paying stocks outperformed non-dividend paying stocks by a large margin. Regardless of interest rate changes, from 1927 to 2013, dividend paying stocks were the winner."
Zhu argues that there are at least four distinct dividend oriented (or dividend-oriented? Drmoran notes that I over-hyphenate. Overhyphenate? Over hyphenate?) strategies that manifest themselves in funds and ETFs. They are:
1. broad focus on dividend-paying stocks, which typically imposes simple size and liquidity requirements, then invests in dividend paying stocks.
2. high dividend-yield, which targets the highest-yielding stocks.
3. dividend growth, which requires consistent increases in payouts over 5-10 years.
4. quality dividends, which adds screens for the quality of the firm's financial strength and management. Those might include debt load, return on equity, earnings stability and dividend coverage ratios.
Leuthold tested those strategies by looking at the performance of dividend oriented ETFs from 1989 - 2014. They admit that few of the ETFs represent pure instances on one strategy of another, but most are strongly aligned with one of them.
They found (1) the dividend strategies as a group substantially outperformed the S&P500 (12.2% annually versus 9.0%) with lower volatility (4.2% S.D. versus 4.3%), (2) that "companies which have raised dividends for 10 consecutive years are actualy the worst performers" and (3) the quality dividend strategy blew away the competition on returns without incurring heightened volatility.
Quality dividend ETFs returned 14% annually with 4.1% S.D. The other three strategies clustered between 10.9% - 12.2% returns with S.D.s of 4.0 - 4.5%.
Charles might be the one to ponder about the mutual fund implications of the research, since fund managers add the overlap of relative value and absolute value orientations. As I think about the funds we've profiled, Guinness Atkinson Inflation Managed Dividend (GAINX) strikes me as a quality dividend / relative value bunch while Beck, Mack and Oliver Partners (BMPEX) would qualify as quality dividend / absolute value.
Leuthold's list of "quality" ETFs includes:
Schwab US Dividend Equity (SCHD)
iShares High Dividend Equity (HDV)
FlexShares Quality Dividend Index (QDF)
First Trust Value Line Dividend (FVD)
WisdomTree US Dividend Growth (DGRW)
FlexShares Quality Dividend Dynamic Index (QDYN, with the note this is a higher beta product)
FlexShares Quality Dividend Defensive Index (QDEF, lower beta).
For what interest it holds,
David
Q&A Wih Michael Hasenstab, Manager, Templeton Bond Funds: Part 2 Quoting: "Isn't Ukraine a risky bet, even for you?
This isn't much different than others. During the financial crisis, Lithuania ran into short-term solvency challenges because it couldn't access capital markets. We were the largest investors providing them short-term liquidity. Now, Lithuania is issuing debt with very low yields, and no one even talks about it. That took about four years. Hungary also took about two to three years to pay off. We may need to be patient. It may be three years before some of these factors can move in a positive direction in Ukraine."
.....I note that my PREMX still holds debt from The Ukraine among its top 5 positions--- but just 1.51% of total AUM. (Fund Manager is Michael Cornelius.) And the last time there was a change to the portfolio reported, PREMX had reduced its Ukrainian position.
http://portfolios.morningstar.com/fund/holdings?t=PREMX®ion=usa&culture=en-US (More from the Hassenstab thing:) "Everyone is focused on the shortage of capital globally as the Fed tapers. But they are ignoring what the BOJ is doing, which will more than offset that. They're getting the call wrong by being bearish on all emerging markets.
What does that extra money mean for emerging markets?
In 2013, the divergence in performance between the best and worst emerging market was more than 40 percentage points. We have always carefully picked countries with strong fundamentals and where we felt appropriate policy decisions were being made. Even though everyone has turned bullish recently, we would be cautious on more vulnerable places like Turkey."
The Long Goodbye: Making Transitions Work FYI: Copy & Paste 6/7/14: Beverly Goodman; Barron's
Regards,
Ted
Last week, Brian Rogers, the longtime and highly successful manager of T. Rowe Price Equity Income (ticker: PRFDX), announced that he'll be stepping down in October 2015, on his 30th anniversary. He'll remain the firm's chairman and chief investment officer.
Just to reiterate: He'll relinquish his money management duties only, 16 months from now. "About half the people I've spoken to thought I just got fired, and about 30% thought I was leaving this fall," Rogers says with a chuckle.
But really, that kind of notice is what we should expect, especially on such high-profile funds as the $30 billion Equity Income, which gained 11.3% annualized from its 1985 inception through May, according to Morningstar, narrowly besting the S&P 500 and the Russell 1000 Value, but with much less volatility. "It reassures investors when there's a good succession plan in place," says Morningstar analyst Katie Reichart.
Rogers is reducing his responsibilities for personal reasons. "Around the holidays, I was reflecting on the fact that in 2015 I'll have been managing the fund for 30 years, and that I'd also be turning 60," Rogers says. "And in the very back of my mind was Jack Laporte." Laporte had been with the firm since 1976 and managed T. Rowe Price New Horizons (PRNHX), the small-company growth fund that quintupled in size under his 22 years of management. He retired at the end of 2012, and died in August 2013. He was 68.
John Linehan, 49, will replace Rogers on Equity Income -- but not just yet. "The next 12 months will look a lot like the last 12 months," Rogers says. Linehan, who ran T. Rowe Price Value (TRVLX) from 2003 to 2009 with much success, has been on the advisory council for Equity Income since 1999, and co-manages a separate account with Rogers. The two already talk daily, Rogers says, and the fund won't look very different under his management. In the meantime, Linehan will "spend a fair amount of time getting to know our [institutional] clients," Rogers says.
MANAGER CHANGES AREN'T necessarily good or bad, but they do need to be handled thoughtfully and transparently. It wasn't much of a surprise when legendary investor Bill Miller announced he was scaling back in the midst of a disastrous performance in 2010, after more than 15 years of outstanding returns. Sam Peters was named co-manager of what was then Legg Mason Value Trust; it has since been rebranded as ClearBridge Value (LMVTX). "Bill started talking to me at least a year before," Peters says. "When I was named co-manager, it was a real 'co-'; we both had veto power right away." The fund was in need of a breath of fresh air (assets had fallen to $4 billion from a peak of $21 billion in 2007), and Peters helped make some pretty big changes, such as opting for bigger companies and fewer names in the portfolio, and increasing allocation to the health-care sector and decreasing its stake in financial companies. The fund's active share, a measure of how much a manager deviates from the benchmark, rose from 60% to 80%. "We were very deliberate in not surprising people," Peters says. "A lot of our clients already knew me, and I got to know the others." He also had to field questions as to how he'd differ from the legendary Miller—some wanted big changes, others didn't. "We wanted people to know there would definitely be some change, but nothing dramatic." Peters became sole manager in May 2012; in 2013 the fund beat 92% of its peers.
NOT ALL HIGH-PROFILE FUNDS telegraph their changes so effectively. Fidelity Magellan (FMAGX) still seems to be reeling from Peter Lynch's departure in 1990. Lynch's successor, Morris Smith, lasted just two years. Bob Stansky, whose nine-year tenure is the longest since Lynch, presided over the fund's rise to peak assets of more than $100 billion in the late '90s, and its fall to $52 billion by the time he left in 2005. Harry Lange also struggled with performance and outflows. Current manager Jeff Feingold has improved performance in his less than three years on the job; Magellan now has $16 billion in assets. "If someone's not performing, Fidelity isn't shy about removing them," Reichart says.
Brian Hogan, president of Fidelity's equity group, which oversees $750 billion, points to the planning around the firm's most impressive funds: Will Danoff's $108 billion Fidelity Contrafund (FCNTX) and Joel Tillinghast's $47 billion Fidelity Low-Priced Stock (FLPSX). "We have surrounded Joel and Will with like-minded individuals," Hogan says. Danoff just hand-picked John Roth, manager of Fidelity New Millenium (FMILX) to co-manage Danoff's smaller fund, the $27 billion Fidelity Advisor New Insights (FNIAX); Roth is widely thought to be Danoff's eventual successor on Contra. Tillinghast took a three-month sabbatical in 2011, and the team created to manage in his absence then is still in place. Neither is likely to leave soon.
The average tenure of a T. Rowe manager is 10 years, compared to the industry average of five, but the firm has lost some impressive talent recently, including Kris Jenner, who took others from his team at T. Rowe Price Health Sciences (PRHSX) to start a hedge fund in 2013. Two other top managers -- Joe Milano and Rob Bartolo -- left the company, and the mutual fund business, soon after. "There were a handful of departures we weren't happy with," Rogers acknowledges. "But if you're going to do what they did, doing it in your 40s makes sense."