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Here's a statement of the obvious: The opinions expressed here are those of the participants, not those of the Mutual Fund Observer. We cannot vouch for the accuracy or appropriateness of any of it, though we do encourage civility and good humor.
  • A Bitcoin / Cryptocurrency thread & Experiment
    Interesting take on the drop in value of Bitcoin / Crypto - currencies :
    Not much moves cryptocurrency markets like Elon Musk tweets -- except, perhaps, the idea of another crackdown in China, the world’s second-largest economy. From a trading ban on domestic exchanges to squeezes on power-consuming digital currency miners, Chinese regulators have tried to tamp down risks related to the stratospheric rise of Bitcoin and its peers for years. Yet a recent flurry of official reminders has traders nervous about more possibly to come as President Xi Jinping seeks to reduce financial risk in the economy and meet the country’s ambitious goals for combating climate change.
    how-china-rivals-elon-musk-in-rattling-crypto-markets
  • Latest GMO 7-Year Forecast May 31, 2021
    Hey Lewis. You wonder. Reminds me of Robert Kessler recent talk on wealth track. Cash is NOT trash. I remember seeing him maybe 40 years ago on a TV investment show stating to buy 30 year zeros. That's when I was a young buck watching TV after working at the local Texaco.
    So who knows like I said prior, I have no idea if the fool is the person in or out of the market at this time. I'm certain there's a fool on one side of that equation though
    I'm thinking there is no way fed can pull back on the reins... market would go splat
    Best regards
    Baseball Fan
  • Latest GMO 7-Year Forecast May 31, 2021
    image
    Some quotes from GMO's Peter Chappinelli:
    Many have wondered aloud whether GMO is not giving enough credit to some of these high growth new-business-model “disruptors.” First, we have all sorts of models that take current optimistic growth forecasts into account. Many are deserving of their current high multiples --- we absolutely concede that somewhere in the Global Growth basket sits “the next Amazon.” Unfortunately, they’re ALL being priced that way, and that is a bridge too far.
    We also remind ourselves that during the month of May, the S&P 500’s real earnings yield (the inverse of P/E minus inflation) dipped into negative territory, the lowest in 40 years. Even at the height of tech bubble mania this scary event did not occur.
    Combine that sober statistic with the negative real yields being offered by sovereign bonds, and you may come to see why we are loathe to recommend a traditional 60/40 mix. There will come a day when global equities and government bonds are fairly valued and should deliver a “normal” real rate of return. Today, however, is not that day.
  • Inflation Is Real Enough to Take Seriously
    On an every-day experience level we just came back from Safeway having purchased a favorite flavor of Hagen-Daz ice cream. I thought that the cartons looked a bit smaller than before. Sure enough, down from 1 pint (16 oz) to 14 oz. We have no idea what the price was before, but even if it hasn't increased at all, we just saw a 10% price increase.
    I've been occasionally commenting on this sort of thing here on MFO for at least a year now, only to be reassured that the government statistics haven't picked up any major price increases in food, other than the usual variations due to supply issues.
    You can say whatever you want to, but I loudly call BS on the government figures.
    Old_Joe : I think you had a price increase of 12.5 % , without paying more !
    Enjoy the treat, Derf
    The price increase due to shrinkage was 14.29% (1/7).
    You are getting 7/8 as much for the same price. So you have to pay 8/7 as much to get the same amount. (If the size had shrunk by half, so that you were getting half a much for your dollar, I think people would agree that the price had doubled.)
    Alternatively: For price $P, you were getting 16 oz, and you're now getting 14 oz.
    Old price per oz = $P/16. New price per oz = $P/14.
    New price/old price = ($P/14) / ($P/16) = (1/14) / (1/16) = 16/14 = 8/7 = 1 + 1/7.
    This shrinkage occurred a dozen years ago. It's not government figures one might call BS. :-)
    https://freakonomics.com/2009/03/12/the-pint-size-recession/
  • Rollovers: There has to be a better way
    You are in the same situation we were a number years ago. We were mostly lucky that the market stayed most flat during the transfer process. We had to reinvest quickly to maintain the same % allocation. It is your call when to make the rollover. If there is sizable $, I would ask the administrator if partial rollover is allowed.
  • Rollovers: There has to be a better way
    Our 401K is currently invested in proprietary funds with Prudential. So, we can't do an in-kind transfer of funds. In my experience from previous rollovers, it takes at least 7-10 days for the money to show up in my IRA. In theory, we could get lucky and the markets could drop during that time lag, but it's never worked out that way in various rollovers I've done over the years.
  • Rollovers: There has to be a better way
    My wife and I are trying to rollover the funds in our workplace 401Ks since we both retired several years ago. We are trying to consolidate all of our accounts at Fidelity, where we both have IRAs. The problem is that we have to liquidate or sell all of our 401K funds and then wait in limbo for the checks to arrive at Fidelity to reinvest. We would prefer to keep our funds invested. Every time I have rolled over funds in the past, I’ve come out for worse. That is, the markets rose during the time period while I was waiting for the rollover check to arrive and be available to reinvest.
    In these days of instant electronic transactions, it’s ridiculous that rollovers can’t be handled instantly or at least within the same day. I’ve seen too many instances over the years when the markets make huge shifts in a few days. Why should investors have to wait in limbo? We could lose thousands of dollars waiting for a check to arrive.
  • The Best Mixed Asset Funds - C. Lynn Bolin
    At the request of a Reader, I expanded upon an article looking at the "Best Moderate Mixed-Asset Funds" to look at all Mixed Asset Funds by Lipper Category.
    Risk, Annualized Return, Risk Adjusted Return, Consistent Return, Capital Preservation, and Tax Efficiency Ratings over the past seven years are used to select the "Best" Funds. I limited the initial search to no-load funds open to new investors with fees below 1.5%, minimum life of seven years, fund family ratings of average or better, and with at least $100M in assets. To refine the list, I limited the funds to those available at Charles Schwab. The "Best Funds" is a list of 35 funds in 10 different Lipper Categories.
    https://seekingalpha.com/article/4435746-the-best-mixed-asset-funds
    I learn a lot from comments and often find new "Best Funds" from Readers. Please feel free to offer your suggestions.
  • Solid Advice
    Surprise! Surprise! I am now informed by this brilliant piece of writing that a person’s public persona is often more admirable than their not-so-public side. I had no idea!
    @MJG - I don’t get it. On one hand you submit a post trivializing the ebb and flow of financial information and opinion (noise) - something most of us visit mfo to partake of. You call this “nothing.” Than you turn around and submit in the “Other Investing” category this trivial solicitous piece about Bill & Melinda’s marriage ending after 27 years, (longer than my own lasted) and Warren Buffet having experienced family problems.
    So … this completely off-topic deviation into the personal lives of well known financial heavy-weights is supposed to be somehow of importance to us as an investing community? But the trends in interest rates, inflation, equity valuations or central bank policies are of no consequence?
    Have a nice day. (and I agree with @Derf.)
  • Noise
    All the daily humdrum is simply noise. Rather then helping to make a wise investment decision it simply adds to the confusion by providing a plethora of information, some wrong, some right, that makes the investment decision more likely wrong. The solution is simple enough. Avoid that info.
    --- All the daily humdrum is simply noise. Does one need to establish a different time frame, other than daily? Would a different time period be more beneficial? How does one learn, without sorting the noise?
    --- some wrong, some right. With the understanding that one must have
    at least a self-proven base of critical thinking skills to determine what may be wrong or right. Again. Learning curve, from exposure for comparison.
    --- Avoid that info. Hmmm..... Could be a moment of: "Dad, why is there thunder after lightning?" "Oh, that is just the way things happen." Versus, an explanation of the event. With the exception(s) of the full "doomsday" scenarios (which most here would likely agree is "noise"), you didn't offer any personal examples of what you consider to be noise; and whether there are many times trinkets of useful knowledge imbedded within. If I didn't pay attention over the many years; I would never have learned about what is likely noise, versus viable information; how to sort the wheat from the chaff, as to who/what is credible and not just speaking/writing hot air. I don't know how one is to learn, without having exposure to "humdrum" to establish a baseline of value.
    Women earn more in the marketplace over men. Why that unexpected outcome? They are not slaves to the daily news! They are not motivated by all the unnecessary activity to act unwisely. Surely doing nothing can not be the proper action. But it is. Winning in the investment world is to ignore the excitement. Just do nothing. That simple strategy will win in the long haul in most all instances. Of course, exceptions exist. That’s what makes the marketplace work, it seems as if luck is a more dominant factor than skill.
    --- Dang !!! I suppose I could do "bold highlight" on the whole write; but that would serve no purpose. Not being formally trained in this topic area, I"m only able to offer personal observations; as is the case for 99.9% of us. From age 3 to age 30 appears to be a time frame to discover a fully formed thinking human. Whatever the developmental stage at age 30 may likely be the baseline until the end. Whatever social exposures (wounds and victories) and formal education, or not; have greatly shaped the individual at this point.
    But wait, there's more.
    What about the left brain, right brain theories; and what motivates one's thinking process? Is this function only from body chemistry, or is this part of one's DNA string?
    The possibilities are endless. One may consider then, that a successful male investor over enough time may be as good as a woman investor; but that they don't know they are functioning from their "feminine" side of prescience and intuition. So be it !
    From the movie, "August Rush".
    The music is all around us, all you have to do is listen.
    Regards,
    Catch
  • Wealthtrack - Weekly Investment Show - with Consuelo Mack
    One recommendation that troubled me was to own long dated zero coupon bonds. He may, of course, be proven correct. But these are dangerous in the hands of unsophisticated investors. The way they’re issued has the effect of creating enormous leverage. They’re extremely volatile on both the upside and downside. I’m surprised he didn’t sound some note of caution. Personally, I wouldn’t touch a 10-30 year zero with a 10-30 foot pole.
    ZROZ is down over 9% YTD. I think that in addition to saving and investing, he needs to add speculating to his vocabulary. I usually see 30 year bonds described as speculative because their incremental return over 10 year bonds is not worth the additional risk, unless one is placing a bet that rates will fall.
    In a sense, zeros are pure, unleveraged bonds, and coupon bonds can be thought of as a hedge, like building a CD ladder:
    Zeroes
    • Conceptually, the most basic debt instrument is a zero-coupon bond--a security with a single cash flow equal to face value at maturity.
    • Cash flow of $1 par of t-year zero: [no cash over time until maturity t-years, then $1]
    • It is easy to see that any security with fixed cash flows can be constructed, and thus priced, as a portfolio of these zeroes.
    A Coupon Bond as a Portfolio of Zeroes
    Consider: $10,000 par of a one and a half year, 8.5% Treasury bond makes the following payments:
    [$425 coupon at 0.5 years; $425 coupon at 1.0 year, $10,425 coupon & principal at 1.5 years]
    Note that this is the same as a portfolio of three different zeroes:
    – $425 par of a 6-month zero
    – $425 par of a 1-year zero
    – $10425 par of a 1 1/2-year zero
    http://people.stern.nyu.edu/jcarpen0/courses/b403333/01zero.pdf
  • Noise
    “Just do nothing. That simple strategy will win in the long haul in most all instances”
    Sounds a bit like the philosophy of “predestination” or “preteterminism.” I get your drift.
    In the long run - yes.
    At the same time, I refuse to accept that we as informed and intelligent individuals can’t make a difference over shorter time frames through our own well considered choices. Not everyone can afford to wait 25 or 50 years for things to work out - for that big prize at the end of the rainbow.
    Good to hear from you @MJG. Hope all is well.
  • The Amazon Customers Don’t See
    An excerpt from the above-linked Atlantic article that highlights the problems for workers and why comparisons to old institutional workers in the military and elsewhere aren't apt. And note this article was from five years ago. Things are actually worse today:
    In the military, clothing, food, shelter, and medical care are guaranteed. And although it offers less choice about what to wear or where to live than the private sector, there’s a baseline of care for service members that doesn’t exist in the civilian world. The military invests time and money in service members while making the maximum effort to keep their morale high. The millions of service members who live on military bases around the world experience a kind of economic and social security that isn’t comparable with any other working-class community in America. There are schools, golf courses, public parks, movie theaters, and campsites maintained for their use. While some have called the military a “socialist paradise,” as The Daily Beast’s Jacob Siegel has suggested, there’s a practical reason for the full-service benefits: Military members are simply more effective at defending the country when they’re healthy, happy, and untroubled by issues at home. Napoleon’s dictum that an army marches on its stomach is absolutely true. Likewise, marching requires vaccinations and boots. (In fact, five years after separating from the Army as an infantryman, I still occasionally wear the boots I deployed in.)
    One of the empty promises of the so-called “gig economy” is that workers have the freedom to work whenever they want. As Arun Sundararajan wrote in The Guardian, “You can pick up your kid from school (and then switch to being an Uber driver). In the gig economy, the lines between personal and professional become increasingly blurred.” But work hours weren’t meant to limit employees’ productivity; they were meant to protect workers from being exploited. When work life and home life blur, the effect becomes totalizing. Work life always “wins,” and the time that could be spent with family or pursuing an identity outside of your role in the corporate structure is stolen. As Leah Libresco writes in First Things, asking workers to devote so much to a corporate cause forces them to approach a career as oblates—secular monks—without a counterbalancing depth of meaning.
    The military obviously asks much of those who serve and their families. Deployments are long, and death or injury is a very real possibility. However, the profundity derived from military service, unlike abandoning a family life in order to take on more Uber routes, is commensurate with the sacrifice. Military service provides a sense of meaning beyond what any corporate culture is capable of creating. This seems like a fairly obvious notion, and it’s one that has been expressed by thinkers from Plato to Hegel to Francis Fukuyama: Human beings derive a higher sense of self from risky, physically dangerous sacrifice in the service of a higher ideal. Plato knew it as thumos or thymos, Attic Greek translating roughly to “spiritedness.” People don’t just want to satisfy their own physical needs—they want to contribute to something larger than themselves. This is what veterans most miss after leaving the military: the sense that the people to your right and left are looking out for you while you in turn are willing to lay down your life for them, all towards a goal that transcends group and individual self-interest. As one vet writes, “Most recent veterans aren’t suffering because they remember what was bad. They’re suffering because they miss what was good.”
    The military is tasked with something almost pre-modern in scope and seriousness: destroying the enemy. Not maximization of value for shareholders. Not the opening of new markets. The goal is simply to defend the lives and property of the United States. In other words, the focus is on people instead of profits.
    Civilian employers are fundamentally different from the military because their animating goals are different. And their goals often do not prioritize their workers’ well-being. The result, for many, is economic insecurity, which is about more than stagnant wages or wealth distribution. Precarity is an all-inclusive term that describes a lack of predictability, stability, and sense of security in the workplace. It’s a word that can be used to describe the tenuous legal status of migrant laborers, the Weltschmerz of Millennials clinging to unpaid internships, or the desperation of the underemployed holding down multiple part-time jobs that offer few benefits or none at all. Precarity is at work in things like forced telecommunication, being paid per minute, and the trend towards turning employment into a quickly revolving door. As Barry Asin, chief analyst at labor-analysis firm Staffing Industry Analysts told Bloomberg Business, “When I hear people talk about temp vs. permanent jobs, I laugh. The idea that any job is permanent has been well proven not to be true.”
    At the frontline of precarity is the gig economy. In theory, the gig economy gives workers the freedom to remain untethered to a single employer, pursuing work piecemeal as a series of individual short-term tasks. No need to be limited by a set salary when there’s a potential to work and earn as much as you want. These are the promises of companies like Uber, Airbnb, and TaskRabbit. Of course, played out in the real world, the reality of the gig economy is different. Jobs and workers are traded back and forth in a bid to simultaneously minimize the responsibility of the employer and maximize value for shareholders. Uber drivers have to purchase and maintain cars themselves. AirBnB hosts purchase and maintain their own property. Neither company treats those providing their services as employees. The gig economy has served, as Melissa Gregg writes in The Atlantic, to “liberate workers from a single employer,” a liberation that in actuality serves to liberate employers from “the traditional responsibilities of being an employer,” resulting in greater precarity for workers.
    The charge that modern capitalism fails to create meaning isn’t a new one. Since the 19th century, social thinkers like Max Weber, Karl Marx, and Émile Durkheim have critiqued consumption as fundamentally nihilistic. The experiences of those who have served, who have had the opportunity to cultivate experiences outside the logic of the market, complement these critiques. Bryan Wood echoes the chorus of dissatisfied vets when he writes in his memoir Unspoken Abandonment, “I couldn’t believe the kind of silly bullshit these people thought mattered in life … I couldn’t believe I once thought these same things were important.” Most civilians I’ve talked to about military service dismiss it as a brutal and alien experience. But in many ways, the gig economy, and the contemporary economy more generally, provide the more brutal environment: People are isolated, uncared for, fungible or disposable, and without the opportunity to cultivate the higher human need to sacrifice for a noble purpose. In this sense, it’s the military—and similar occupations—that provide the more humane option.
  • Break Time, markets rest ???
    Hi @carew388 et al
    June 18 close data.
    Here is the 11 sectors performance of the SP500, SPY or closely related indexes. The numbers are close enough for government work and my weekly work.
    One can view the sectors that dinged this area this week.
    YTD performance prior to this week, had also benefited from the large upward moves in energy and a few other sectors....but where the areas loosing this week.
    I.G., investment grade bonds, and long term bonds helped funds holding these for the week.
    The wild riders in the long term bond areas showed the directions by weeks end:
    --- TBT is a choice for levered bets on rising interest rates. Using a combination of swaps and futures, TBT gives investors -2x exposure to daily moves in T-bonds with more than 20 years left to maturity. ... As a levered product, TBT is not a buy-and-hold ETF, it's a short-term tactical instrument.
    --- TMF provides daily leveraged (3x) exposure to the ICE U.S. Treasury 20+ Year Bond Index, falling yields/rates.
    For the week: TBT = -4.7%, while TMF = +7%
  • The Amazon Customers Don’t See
    " Capitalism does not care about people, only profit. Capitalism, well-oiled, maximizes profit."
    Just two words, and they aren't "Milton Friedman". Hobby Lobby. A company is free to act on its religious beliefs. Didn't you know that companies have beliefs? They're people too.
    So if a company feels that paying workers a decent wage and treating them with dignity and respect is required by its religious beliefs, it's free to do so. Or if it wants to tithe 10% of its profits to the Church instead of giving the money to its shareholders, who's to say it can't?
    I was gobsmacked in reading Australia given as an example of a "Democratic Socialist Capitalist" country. And again when it was implied that its safety net benefits were any more secure than those of the US.
    For much of its history, Australia has been, shall we say, parsimonious.
    [T]he first colonial pension schemes ... reproduced the distinction between the deserving and undeserving poor. Payments were means-tested and subject to a character test. People had to prove they had led ‘a sober and respectable life’. ...
    [W]hen the Commonwealth scheme came into effect in July 1909, all non-white residents, even those already naturalised before the racist Naturalisation Act 1903, were formally made ineligible for benefits reserved for white settlers. ...
    From 1907, following the Harvester Judgement, employers were bound to pay a male worker a ‘fair and reasonable wage’, sufficient to sustain himself, his wife and their children in ‘a condition of frugal comfort’. The basic male wage became the centrepiece of what has been described as the ‘wage earners’ welfare state’..., but thereafter—in spite of challenging times like the 1930s Great Depression—attempts to extend social protection to those outside the labour market failed.
    [Through two world wars and beyond] [t]he basic male wage remained the foundation of social security policy and the Unemployment Benefits resembled a dole more than an earned social entitlement.
    The Whitlam government (1972–1975) sought to reform the system along social democratic principles. Social security would no longer be merely a safety net, but a precondition for economic justice. Economic justice demanded that social security should be provided according to need, in recognition of the innate value of every citizen, not an assessment of character. ...
    The Poverty Inquiry chaired by Professor Ronald Henderson [in this period] highlighted many systemic problems in the design of social security and put forward a concrete proposal for a basic income scheme , but poor timing meant its recommendations were never realised.
    The last forty years of social security reform mark a steady retreat from the principle of universalism and a return to older notions of ’deservingness’.
    This has coincided with the dismantling of the regulatory frameworks and institutions put in place to curtail both economic volatility and deep inequality. At the same time as deregulation has markedly increased household exposure to risk ..., the social safety net has become less effective.
    Some paragraphs rearranged for continuity.
    http://library.bsl.org.au/jspui/bitstream/1/12232/1/Thornton_etal_Safety_net_to_poverty_trap_2020.pdf
    Many economists subscribe to the theory of path dependence, aka "history matters". It's not sufficient to look at where things are, but how they got there, especially when it comes to stability of social nets. And the history of Australia is not a pretty one. I left out the reference to White Australia in the paper I was excerpting.
    Here's a good paper about much of those last forty years. It compares and contrasts the US and Australia with respect to workfare. Very distinct histories, but with similar outcomes.
    https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=3315&context=jssw
    Australia and the U.S. are both liberal welfare states. During the past quarter century, they have begun the transition from a welfare to a workfare state, albeit at different rates and through different paths. Social work developed in each country in ways congruent with the local liberal welfare state, and as such, has been destabilized by the transition to the workfare regime
  • The Amazon Customers Don’t See
    “Bezos is vomitus”
    I harbor no ill-will against Bezos. Amazon today isn’t the customer-friendly firm he founded and nurtured for many years. I doubt he’s calling many of the shots today. Interestingly, their cloud computing business has grown larger than the retail side, including some lucrative government contracts.
    Back to Bezos … on a (media) personal level I find him intelligent and engaging. Like Musk he’s a first-rate visionary. Remember how laughable it seemed when he went on 60 minutes a decade ago to announce they were looking at airborn drones for delivery some day? Today that’s nearing reality.
    None of this excuses the abuses Amazon inflicts on its employees, other merchants or its customers. I’m pretty good at “compartmentalizing” most everything - including how I view people’s different qualities. So, I can usually see both sides of an individual. But, on the other hand, I’m sure many are hoping that that upcoming Blue Origin flight just keep going … and going … and going …
    (Far out.) :)
  • Booth’s Dimensional Converts $29 Billion of Mutual Funds to ETFs
    I should have said: the magnitude of the relative underperformance of value with respect to growth in the past three years is unprecedented. This is clear from DFA's bar chart reproduced above. Also evident from that chart is value's relative but much smaller underperformance in the preceeding seven years.
    For completeness, here's exactly what DFA wrote:
    This three-year run [2017-2020] warrants further inspection—just how uncommon was this value premium magnitude? Literally unprecedented, as illustrated by the rolling three-year value premiums in Exhibit 2. Of the 1,093 rolling observations in US history, the three years ending in June 2020 ranked dead last. This is the very definition of an outlier.

    ᴇxʜɪʙɪᴛ 2

    Back of the Pack

    Rolling 3-year annualized return differences for value versus growth,
    US market, June 1929–June 2020
    image
  • Use Apple “Keychain” for your passwords? Yea or Nay?
    Thanks all. Very informative.
    FWIW - the password (to a news site) that was “flagged” by Apple consisted of 8 lower case letters which comprised a first name and an initial. Think “denniso”. I’d imagine there’s hundreds of people using that one. :)
    However, this has spurred me to rethink and beef-up password security across the wide spectrum of applications.

    I've been caught up in so many breaches -- especially OPM and Equifax -- that a few years ago I took a weeklong stand-down and went through all my accounts to change emails and add updated/randomized passwords on EVERYTHING as I put them into a password manager and/or enabled 2FA on selected sites. In many cases on my more critical accounts I redid the 'security question' answers so that they make no sense -- eg, "what's your favorite color" might be "MFO" or something utterly random. After all, computers and customer service reps don't care if the answer makes sense, all they care about is if it's the correct response.
    The career securitygeek in me didn't want to use a manager, but I figure a) I'm getting older and simplicity is fun, and b) the capabilities of AI/ML/BigData make it even easier to guess/brute-force passwords and moreso the 'security questions' that 'protect' accounts. So I bit the bullet and so far so good.
  • Booth’s Dimensional Converts $29 Billion of Mutual Funds to ETFs
    >> the relative underperformance of value with respect to growth in the past three years is unprecedented.
    By my read, of the (difficult for me) Fidelity $10k-growth charting for VONE vs VONV, much less VONG, the underperformance holds for the three years before that, and also the three years before that.
  • Booth’s Dimensional Converts $29 Billion of Mutual Funds to ETFs
    DFA's value proposition, no pun intended, is that value performs better over the long term. Further, that the relative underperformance of value with respect to growth in the past three years is unprecedented.
    https://www.dimensional.com/us-en/insights/an-exceptional-value-premium
    image
    Of the ten largest EM funds (per M* screener), two are DFA funds. They are the only two classified as value funds. The more value leaning (nearly off the chart) of the two, DFEVX, has done the worst. The other DFA fund DFCEX, still a value fund, has outperformed VEIEX (another of the 10 largest) over 1, 5, 10, and 15 years.
    Given all three funds' relatively poor showings this might suggest (if one can factor out the value effect) that EM is one category where funds can do better by not following an index.
    With respect to AVUV, a cursory look shows this to be a (relatively) high beta fund that has outperformed as the market rotated into value. I'll watch how it does over a whole cycle.
    https://www.etf.com/AVUV#fit