If one gets past the political rhetoric, it's a bit more complicated than that.
"Paying taxes" makes it sound like Amazon, Wayfair, Overstock.com, and Newegg are required to pony up tax money for their business. It is better to say that they they are required to act as tax collection agents for the state - collecting sales appropriate sales tax and remitting what they collect to the states.
Even the Fortune article says that Amazon does not always do this, so it is not "paying" its fair share. Though the amount of underpayment is relatively small, since it is only failing to collect local (not state) taxes in a limited number of locales.
The Fortune article adds its own bit of confusion. One the one hand it says that that if the Supreme Court overrules
Quill Corp. v. Heitkamp (which it called Quill v. Wayfair, conflating two different cases), states will have an easier time collecting internet sales tax. In that case, the SC said that states couldn't require companies to collect tax on internet sales unless a company had a physical presence in the state. On the other hand, Fortune says that pointing out that there is no general internet sales tax (which it just did itself by referencing
Quill) adds misdirection.
The current law is that individual states have "
Amazon Laws" - where they require companies doing a certain level of business in the state to collect sales tax for the state. Rather than requiring a physical "nexus" (connection) to the state, these laws require only a significant economic nexus (level of in-state sales). Amazon substantially complies with these laws.
There's an irony here. The SC case mentioned in the Fortune article that will be heard April 17 is
South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. (That's the case Fortune conflated with Quill v. Heitkamp.)
South Dakota is the state that facilitated Citibank and other banks charging outrageous interest rates on credit cards, by doing away with its usury laws. Banks with credit card divisions in SD were, and are, able to charge whatever SD allows.
https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/07/how-citibank-made-south-dakota-the-top-state-in-the-us-for-business/425661/SD took advantage of the fact that other states could not impose their own laws (protecting consumers) on these out of state, South Dakotan bank entities. Now it is suing to impose its own sales tax laws on retailers in other states. It wants to extend its own arm into other states (taxing their retailers), but doesn't want other states extending their arms into businesses based in SD (limiting what interest they can charge).
Also, hasn't Trump been saying that the federal government should stay out of state and local issues? Collecting regional sales taxes, protecting unarmed people from getting shot by local police. All politics is local.