I tend to agree with MikeM that the "black box" thesis is overblown, though with different details.
If you look at DSENX's portfolio, it has full exposure to the Schiller
CAPE US sector index by buying
total return equity swaps on the index. If you're spooked by all derivatives (including options like covered calls), then by all means stay away. As far as derivatives go, equity swaps seem pretty tame, especially as the counterparty can hedge away the equity risk on its side.
Basically, DSENX pays Barclays and
BNP Paribas (two huge investment banks) a large enough cash stream to cover the cost of borrowing money to buy the index equities (should they choose to hedge). The banks can make a profit on their ability to actually raise that money at lower cost, on lending the securities, etc. In exchange for that cash stream, these banks pay DSENX the total return on those equities. (If the portfolio loses money, DSENX has to cover the loss). Alternatively, the banks can use this to reduce their exposure to equities they already have in their portfolio, while simultaneously pocketing that cash stream.
Pretty basic stuff as far as derivatives go. Since DSENX has to put up virtually $0 cash for its equity exposure, it can simultaneously be 100% long in bonds. It uses some of the fixed income to pay the cash stream to the banks, and holds the rest as profits for the fund's investors.
Therein lie the risks. The first risk is in the fact that this is a highly leveraged fund. Not in the traditional sense of investing, say 150% in the market by borrowing, but by investing 100% in equities
and 100% in bonds. The
prospectus even says this, emphatically (in italics) and explicitly:
The Fund uses investment leverage in seeking to provide both the Index return and the return on a portfolio of debt securities; it is likely that the Fund will have simultaneous exposures both to the Index and to debt securities, in each case in an amount potentially up to the value of the Fund’s assets. Fidelity recognizes this, going so far as to require you to sign a
declaration form before it allows you to invest in DSENX. You have to state that you're a sophisticated investor, that you know what you're doing, that you can afford losing 100% of your investment, etc.
The second risk is with Doubleline's style of bond investing. IMHO that's where the black box is. I can't tell you what's going on in their bond funds any more than I can tell you what PIMCO is doing. If you want to trust Gundlach with bonds that's fine, you're buying into his black box.
What I normally expect from this kind of strategy is 100% exposure to the index being tracked, plus a small alpha from a conservatively managed bond portfolio. But what this fund is doing is investing aggressively on the bond side. Hence the outsized returns since inception, a period when both equities and bonds have done well.
Unfortunately, if you buy into the
CAPE sector index thesis, there's not a "safe" vehicle to get exposure. You've got this fund which has the risks above, and you have
CAPE, which as an ETN has single creditor risk. (You risk your principal if an ETN defaults; you risk only your profits if a total return swap counterparty defaults.)