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Bank of America Calls CBDCs ‘More Effective’ Than Cash in Research NoteBank of America (BofA) called central bank digital currencies “a much more effective payment system than cash,” in a research paper published Wednesday.
...CBDCs could “replace cash completely in the (distant) future.”
CBDCs qualified as money “by allowing store of value and being a unit of account and means of exchange,” differentiating them from cryptocurrencies that “do not meet these criteria. “Since they are traded, they could be seen as an asset class,”
CBDCs could lessen the need for stablecoins, noting that the latter could “present a material financial stability risk during times of market stress when there may be a crypto to fiat currency run.”



https://blocktower.substack.com/Originally known as “open finance”, the advent of DeFi represents yet another innovation on the rapidly evolving world of cryptoassets and blockchain technology. As with most new innovations, there is the growing litany of new announcements, innovative solutions and industry mania as these offerings progress throughout the landscape. For many, it seems a chance for new business models and rapid wealth creation. For the more sober minded, it is yet another step in the swift transformation happening across financial markets, and indeed across all industries in the global economy. As always, change and disruption require us to revert back to first principles. And these first principles demand that we ask the question: why? Why decentralized finance? What problems does it solve? And what, in truth, do we actually mean by “decentralized finance”?
These inquiries bring us to the motivation for this publication. It is our hope that this primer can offer a proposed definition for DeFi, in all of its forms, as well as share with the reader current and future DeFi use cases. It also touches on the challenges of DeFi, not least of these being the uncertain and evolving regulatory and legislative challenges coming to the fore. As a product of the WSBA Accounting Working Group, this work also delves into the
very complex accounting considerations that DeFi poses, both now and in the future. Finally, we conclude with some thoughts on what the future holds and offer some resources to keep pace with this future.
It is our goal that this be the first in a series of thought leadership publications that continue to aid the advancement of the cryptoassets and blockchain ecosystems, the accounting profession and global markets around the world. We welcome your thoughts and feedback and hope that you find this document informative as well as useful.
About Fed Now (Federal Reserve website)[T]here are two reasons to be a little bit skeptical about some of these [CBDC benefit] claims. The first reason is we could achieve the same benefits with a more traditional approach. For example, you could also offer people bank accounts simply by subsidizing them. And the Fed is already planning to speed up payments by introducing a new, real time payment system called Fed Now that will come online by 2023.
The second reason to be a little bit skeptical is that some of these benefits require a more radical version of a CBDC than any central bank is actually planning to introduce for now. For example, no central bank is planning to completely phase out cash, so you can't really claim that as a benefit.
...
[A]dvanced economy central banks are more focused on improving the safety and robustness of the payment system, although most consider it an open technological question whether or not a CBDC would really achieve this. I think this is basically how the Fed is thinking about it.
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