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Ah, the good old days before appliances were smart enough to retire themselves early.@hank: my great uncle (d. 1950's) owned a still-running GE refrigerator that was so old it earned him recognition from the company. I recall it sitting on legs an having a round refrigeration coil on top. It kept on running despite his demise.
Eventually Amazon would probably also try selling shares at the Whole Foods meat counter.
Of course a syndicate can bring together lenders and/or borrowers. I never said otherwise. Though most likely there would be a syndicate of borrowers and a syndicate of lenders, but not a single syndicate comprised of "a group of borrowers andHere are some additional clarifications:
1. A syndicate can be a group of borrowers and/or a group of lenders; there is even a loan syndication association which created rules on how to manage a syndication : https://www.lsta.org/
The evidences are somewhat lacking with regard to securities lending.
2. Repo, Reverse Repo and Securities lending are ALL very similar in essence, here are the evidences:
Sure, in a repurchase agreement one side sells, one side buys. One side calls it a repo and the other side a reverse repo. Maybe these terms get reversed. But one side always "buys securities with an agreement to resell them" to the other side.
3. Accounting rules which recognize the similarity - The accounting standard board called FASB recognizes that similarity in their FIN 41 clarification, see Note #2 at the bottom of page number FIN41-2: https://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/Document_C/DocumentPage?cid=1175801626916&acceptedDisclaimer=true
"For purposes of this Interpretation, a REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENT (reverse repo) refers to a transaction that is accounted for as a collateralized lending in which a buyer-lender buys securities with an agreement to resell them to the seller-borrower at a stated price plus interest at a specified date or in specified circumstances. The “receivable” under a reverse repurchase agreement refers to the amount due from the seller-borrower for the repurchase of the securities from the buyer-lender. IN CERTAIN INDUSTRIES, THE TERMINOLOGY IN REVERSED; THAT IS, ENTITIES IN THOSE INDUSTRIES REFFER TO THIS TYPE OF AGREEMENT AS REPO".
"Wording" and "essence" are virtually antonyms. One refers for form, the other to substance. "Letter" and "spirit" if you prefer.
4. Legal wording of the agreement – all those agreements (Repo, Reverse Repo and Securities lending ) are standardized agreements created by SIFMA and are very similar in their essence : https://www.sifma.org/resources/general/mra-gmra-msla-and-msftas/
It's not that I'm more comfortable with brand names; I often seek out boutiques. Rather it is that I'm less comfortable with this specific fund.
If you feel more comfortable with a brand name you should go over there, this discussion is interesting but no one is trying to make anyone invest in this fund.
The reason I'm making such a big deal over this is that the fact sheet says that "the fund purchases securities as either lender or borrower with the agreement to sell them at a higher price". It's saying that whether the fund is a borrower (repurchase agreement) or a lender (reverse repo), the fund first buys and then sells. That contradicts my description of a repo (sell first, then buy), as well as Investopedia's.For the party selling the security (and agreeing to repurchase it in the future) it is a repurchase agreement (RP) or repo; for the party on the other end of the transaction (buying the security and agreeing to sell in the future) it is a reverse repurchase agreement (RRP) or reverse repo.
So it seems that rather than generating income (as the fact sheet states) by selling back securities at a higher price, reverse repos actually incur borrowing costs for the cash the fund gets. Then how does it make money?In a typical reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund enters into a contract with a counterparty under which (i) the Fund sells securities for cash or cash equivalents to the counterparty, and (ii) the Fund agrees to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and interest payment. Reverse repurchase agreements provide the Fund with a source of liquidity that can be invested elsewhere for no more than six days and/or earn income at either fixed or floating (variable) interest rates and fees. While a reverse repurchase agreement has legal characteristics of both a sale and a secured transaction, economically it functions as a loan from the counterparty to the Fund, in which the securities purchased by the counterparty serve as collateral for the loan.
The fees the fund is charging aren't the 7.5% that you suggested, nor the 9% that I came up with. The semiannual statement reports that the fund is charging a 13.0% "fee rate", at least if I'm reading this part of the statement correctly.There are many existing examples that borrowers earn profit in spite of their borrowing activity for example: Banks borrow money via selling deposits and then charging high fees for additional activities related to the deposit including they charging high fees for allowing deposit buyer (the bank’s lender) to make payments (incoming and outgoing) from and to the deposit therefore, the bank actually profits a lot more than the cost it pays for the borrowing since the added commissions turn the borrowing activity into a profitable activity. In the Fund’s case, the fund charges additional fees that turn its borrowing activity into profits by charging fees for allowing its counterparties to substitute the proceeds (collateral) it receives for reasons such as substituting collateral durations.
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